الدولة العباسية

[احمد جمال احمد]

الدولة العباسية 132/656ه -750/1250أصول العباسيين وقيام دولتهم
أولا النسب ينتسب العباسيين إلى العباس بن عبد المطلب عم الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم
ثانيا الدعوة لبنى العباس
1-بدأت الدعوة لبنى العباس منذ القرن الثاني الهجري حتى نجح العباسيون فى هزميه ألدوله الامويه عام 132 ه فى موقعه الزاب
2- القضاء على آخر الخلفاء الأمويين مروان بن محمد وإعلان قيام ألدوله العباسية
3- اتخذت ألدوله العباسية الكوفة عاصمة ثم تغيرت إلى بغداد
4- استمر حكم العباسيين خمسه قرون (525) وتوالى على حكمها 37 خليفة

عصور الدولة العباسية
العصر العباسي الاول750/ 847م
العصر العباسي الثانى847/1250م
العصر الذهبي للدولة العباسية
عصر القوه والازدهار ووحده ألدوله
عصر الإصلاحات في جميع المجالات
عصر الضعف والانحلال والانهيار
عصر ظهور الدول المستقلة
عصر طمع الغزاة من صليبيين ومغول
أشهر الخلفاء العباسيين
أبو العباسهو۩ عبدا لله بن محمد بن على بن عبدا لله بن العباس ۩ ولد بقرية الحميميه بالأردن عام 104ه ۩قضى خلافته كلها في تثبيت أركان ألدوله ۩ لقب بالسفاح لقسوة معاملتهأهم أعماله
1- قضىعلى كل المعارضين 2- نقلعاصمة ألخلافه إلى الكوفة ثم الانبار

3-جددالطريق بين مكة والكوفة وزوده بالمنارات لهداية الناس من المسافرين
ابو جعفر المنصور ( المؤسس الحقيقي للدولة العباسية)
أعمالهنشر الأمن والأمان في كل أنحاء ألدوله قضى على الفتن والثورات راقب الولاة وحاسبهم بني بغداد واتخذها عاصمة
هارون الرشيد
بعد وفاة أبو جعفر المنصور تولى ابنه المهدي ألخلافه وجعل ولاية العهد بالتناوب لولديه ( موسى الهادىتولى لعام واحد – هارون الرشيد)
مميزات حكم هارون
(1) اتساع رقعه ألدوله (ب) ازدهار ألزراعه والصناعة والتجارة (ج) تشييد القصور والحدائق والأسواق
(د) ازدهار العلم وتشجيع العلماء (ه) ازدهار الشعر وتشجيع الشعراء
المأمون( هو عبد الله بن هارون الرشيد ) تولى ألخلافه بعد وفاة أخيه الأمين الذي استمر حكمه خمس سنوات
مميزات حكمه ( العناية بالعلم ) (تشجيع حركه الترجمة والعلم) ( القضاء على الفتن والثورات)
المعتصم هو محمد بن هارون الرشيد تولى الحكم بعد اخيه هارون
عرف عنه( قوه الجسم وشدته فى الحرب وغيرته على الإسلام والمسلمين والعطف على الفقراء) دامت خلافته ثمانى سنوات وتوفى عام 227
مميزات حكمه ( الاهتمام بالجيش للقضاء على الثورات )( الانتصار على الروم وفتح عموريه )( بناء مدينه سمراء )
الفتوحات الاسلاميه في عصر العباسيين
1- شرقا إلى بلاد ما وراء النهر 2- غربا إلى المغرب الأقصى
3- شمالا إلى أرمينيا 3- جنوبا إلى النوبة
عوامل ضعف وسقوط ألدوله العباسية
1- سيطرة العناصر غير العربية على الحكم من الأتراك والفرس على الجيش والاداره
2- اتساع رقعه ألدوله مما شجع على زيادة الإطماع فيها
3- الصراع بين أبناء البيت العباسي بسبب توليه العهد لأكثر من واحد
4- تولى الحكم خلفاء ضعاف انغمسوا في حياة الترف

[أبوبكر أحمد العملة]

الاستاذ الفاضل والاخ الكريم / أحمد جمال أحمد


ملخص جيد ....



ببوابة التعليم المصرى


وجزاكم الله خيراً على عطائك المثمر معنا



مع خالص تقديرى لشخصكم الكريم
ابوبكر احمد العملة
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